logo
Business Award

Blog Layout

Understanding the Process of 5-Axis Machining

Trevor English • Jan 24, 2017

Many of you might have had some experience with 5-axis machining, but for those new to the technology, let’s break it down.

A machine that is capable of 5-axis design can move the toolpath in the X, Y, and Z directions as well as rotate in the A and B (or C) axes – thus the term 5-axis machining. Having those two extra axes compared to traditional 3-axis machining allows for greater flexibility in part design and more fluid movements for the mill head. It also means that you as the operator don’t have to do as much setup time for milling different sides of a certain part.

In terms of popularity, 5-axis CNC machines are highly preferred for aerospace applications. With that said, 5-axis machines can be used in any application where a 3-axis machine is already implemented. The advantage then becomes cycle time and tool changes, among other things. Think of the process of milling a shape out of a block of aluminum. In a 3-axis setup, the operator would have to change the orientation of the part at least once as well as possibly change tools. With the more automated or sometimes called “done in one” 5-axis CNCs, you can set up a part to be milled and the machine will handle all of the movements for virtually all of the faces of the part. It’s a similar comparison to a printer that requires you to re-feed the paper when you want to print double sided versus a printer that does this process automatically.  

If you are still having trouble visualizing how exactly a 5-axis machine functions, refer to the diagram to the right. You can see the traditional cartesian X, Y, and Z axes and 3 rotational axes labeled A, B, and C. In a 5-axis machine, the tool head is capable of moving in the X, Y, and Z planes as well as the A and B rotational axes. 6-axis machines are of course a possibility, and they do exist. However, 6-axis functionality presents little advantage over 5-axis machining, so 5-axis is mainly used.

So, are there advantages then for a machine to have the capabilities to rotate along the A and C axes rather than the A and B axes? Well, yes – and each machine can be set up in various configurations. For example, a trunnion-style style 5-axis machine uses the A and C axes and a swivel-rotate style machine rotates about the B and C axes. In a trunnion machine, the table in the machine is what facilitates the rotation. In a swivel-rotate machine, the spindle handles the rotation. Digging even further into machine orientation, there are even machines that have multiple spindles allowing for even more precise and complex part production. All of this variation ultimately hinges on the many applications a machine will be used for.

To get more into certain niches and machining areas where 5-axis machines present advantages, let’s first look into mold making applications. Think about making a plastic injection mold for a part that requires deep precise cuts. Using a 3-axis machine, you would need to slow down the feed rates and use long tools to cut the mold precisely. Getting the proper surface finish in the mold with a 3-axis machine can even still prove to be difficult. These are all problems that are solved with 5-axis milling operations. Within virtually all applications of milling, 5-axis machines can overcome the hiccups commonly found when using 3-axis machines.

There are virtually endless complexities when it comes to using machines of all types, but this should serve as a brief explanatory introduction to the processes of 3-axis versus 5-axis machining.

3D Printing Services and Technology
by Dwight Mitchell 16 Jul, 2024
3D printing, also known as additive manufacturing, has transformed industries by enabling the creation of complex geometries that traditional methods can't achieve.
3D Printing: Innovations, Challenges, and Applications
by Dwight Mitchell 10 Jul, 2024
The world of 3D printing or Additive manufacturing is changing at a neck-breaking speed with new technology and new materials entering the market frequently.
3D Printing with Polystyrene (High Impact Polystyrene (HIPS)):
by Dwight Mitchell 04 Jul, 2024
3D Printing with Polystyrene (High Impact Polystyrene (HIPS))
Comparative Analysis of 3D Printing Filaments
by Dwight Mitchell 02 Jul, 2024
I know it can be confusing to know which is the right material and also which is the best brand to use.
Threaded Inserts in 3D Printed Products
by Dwight Mitchell 27 Jun, 2024
One of the shortfalls of printing a functional part in plastic is that it can wear very quickly especially if you are producing parts that need to or have a screw fixture.
Which is the Best TPU Filaments in 2024?
by Dwight Mitchell 18 Jun, 2024
The Quality of the prints that the Creality K1 and K1 max produce is fantastic
 Materials for your project, is ASA or ABS or PC right for you?
by Dwight Mitchell 17 Jun, 2024
When having to decide on the type of materials to choose for your project, the choice can often be confusing as 3D Print Filament manufacturers and suppliers
ASA 3D Printing Filament: A Comprehensive Guide
by Dwight Mitchell 15 May, 2024
ASA 3D Printing Filament: A Comprehensive Guide
Reverse Engineering and Hyper 3D Printing
by Dwight Mitchell 05 Apr, 2024
In the rapidly evolving world of manufacturing, staying ahead means not just keeping pace with current trends but pre-emptively leaping towards future innovations.
3D Printing: Key Trends Shaping the Future in 2024
by Dwight Mitchell 05 Mar, 2024
Here, we dive into the key trends that are set to redefine the boundaries of 3D printing technology and its applications, ensuring businesses and consumers alike are prepared for the future
More posts
Share by: